Mars is the most earth-like planet in the solar system. It is called the red planet because observed with the naked eye in the sky it has a reddish glow given by its main surface composition of iron oxide, our rust. Mars once had large oceans, but due to the planet’s small mass, solar radiation evaporated the main hydrogen part of the water, causing the heavier oxygen to be deposited on the ground, which on contact with the surface caused the rusty dust that covers it. Today Mars is compared to a large desert.

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About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water and oceans account for 97% of it.
Of this amount, liquid water is essential for life as we know it, and its presence has allowed many life forms and different habitats to develop and evolve on Earth. Earth is often considered to be a blue planet: the blue colour of the oceans is given by the absorption of the sun’s radiation (red, yellow and orange parts of light) and makes the water masses various shades of blue, darker depending on depth. From space, the blue of the oceans, the greenish brown of the continents, but also the white of clouds on the surface are mainly visible.

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